Modern+Europe

Europe

 **__Development and Interaction of Cultures__** __– Religions, Belief systems, Science and technology, The arts and architecture__
 * __Interaction between Humans and the Environment –__** __Demography and disease, Migration, Patterns of settlement, Technology__
 * __State-building, Expansion, and Conflict__** __– Political structures and forms of governance, Empires, Nations and nationalism, Revolts and revolutions, Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations__
 * __Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems__** __– Agricultural and pastoral production, Trade and commerce, Labor systems, Industrialization, Capitalism and socialism__
 * __Development and Transformation of Social Structures__** __– Gender roles and relations, Family and kinship, Racial and ethnic constructions, Social and economic classes__

Europe in General western europe - continued colonization, global trade seized trading networks political changes/ social conflict reforms because of poor working conditions women status did not change with revolution - poor women went from house work to factory work and upper class had more advantages but no power in government nationalism - developing under groups with single ruler b/c Napoleonic wars France
 * congress of vienna in 1815 little interest in nationalism more in maintaining balance of power with great britain, austria, prussia, and russia
 * congress of vienna balance of power, restored monarchs, redrew boundaries
 * fight for nations identity/power
 * caused revolutions of 1848 throughout europe (caused by conservative policies, economic problems, bad working conditions
 * manorialism ended
 * French Revolution
 * caused because of effects of long term absolute monarchy
 * economic problems
 * rise of bourgeoisie
 * enlightenment ideas
 * stages - aristocrats challenged king - people support bourgeoise
 * French Republic National convention
 * continuing war w/ great britain and Austria
 * outcome - national assembly, abolition of feudalism, reorganization of church, national convention
 * napoleon came to power
 * december 1848 - second french republic
 * democratic constitution - elected Louis Napoleon
 * made himself emperor and second french empire
 * exiled and third french republic formed and new constitution written (parliamentary government)

Germany
 * Charlemagne attempted to unify vassals after power was decentralized (fall of the roman empire) land given to feudal lords
 * died kingdoms divided again
 * Hugh Carpet - est. central monarchy set basis for french absolute monarchy
 * uprisings across europe - frankfurt assembly wrote new constitution for unified germany - decline
 * Otto von Bismarck - united germany with prussia

Great Britain began industrialization - spread all over world (globally) developed because of agricultural revolution women's suffrage movements - aggressive tactics want to vote gained right between 1909 and 1919
 * increase in population
 * improvements in technology
 * improved production/advances led to population explosion
 * improved medical care, nutrition, hygiene, sanitation
 * steam engine, steel, factory system
 * Great britain - large amounts of coal - became world leader
 * transportation advances, rise of middle class
 * spread to all of europe quickly
 * urbanization

Portugal
 * world trade with japan - est. trading rights
 * took over east african trading centers
 * concentrated on long distance trade
 * Dutch Britain and French able to take much of trade because portugal is a royal monopoly (subject to government regulations where everyone else was privately owned)